I/I Studies
Hydraulic Modeling
Design & Construction
Operation & Maintenance
cMOM Compliance
Master Planning
Pipedream©
Kansas
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PROJECT:
Sanitary Sewer Rehabilitation and Repair Projects
- RFD No. 2002-075
LOCATION:
Johnson County, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 2003-2006
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The Consolidated Main Sewer District of Johnson County,
Kansas (JCW) has vigorously evaluated their sanitary sewer collection system
over the past 17 years. They have addressed aging infrastructure problems
by conducting numerous field investigations, flow monitoring projects, inflow
and infiltration (I/I) studies, computerized hydraulic modeling and by
implementing system rehabilitation and replacement projects. The county's
sanitary sewer lines were constructed in 1947 to transport wastewater to several
treatment facilities. Some of the older portions within the JCW system are
in need of comprehensive sanitary sewer evaluation studies to identify I/I
removal and requirements for sanitary sewer rehabilitation and repair.
Wade & Associates is one of two engineering firms retained by Johnson County to address a host of I/I issues and collection system rehabilitation and repair projects. Projects developed throughout the Consolidated Main Sewer District will consist of all or a portion of the following: Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Studies (SSES), including surveying, manhole and visual pipe inspections, smoke testing, dye-water testing, building inspections and CCTV review, flow and rainfall data analysis, hydraulic modeling, I/I quantification/removal analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis; Sanitary Sewer Line and Manhole Rehabilitation Programs, including design of various methods for manhole rehabilitation and sewer line repair and rehabilitation; Stream Crossing Repair Projects; and CMOM development for Sanitary Sewer Overflow regulation compliance. Design portions of projects will include pre-design documentation, plan and profile sheets, standard detail sheets, contract specifications and pre-bid forms, final design documents, bid services and construction administration.
PROJECT SCOPE:
Tomahawk Creek Interceptor SSES:
Wade was selected to conduct flow monitoring,
I/I evaluation and hydraulic analysis of the sanitary sewer collection system
for the Tomahawk Creek Drainage Basin of Johnson County Wastewater. The
Tomahawk Creek Interceptor connects JCW’s collection system to the KCMO
collection system. Scope includes installation of 10 temporary flow monitors
and 3 rain gauges, determining base flow vs. inflow/infiltration relationships,
hydraulic modeling, future growth analysis, and reporting. The analysis also
includes flow data comparisons of JCW’s permanent flumes along the interceptor
and addresses the effects of the Blue River #8 Lift Station. Final reporting
will include recommendations for system rehabilitation, I/I removal and relief
sewer sizing.
KCMO Metering Plan: Wade conducted
an evaluation of meter sites for Johnson County Wastewater Interconnects to KCMO.
Eight sites were assessed to determine accessibility, permanent monitoring
needs, alternative monitoring types, and cost estimates.
Stream Crossing Pre-Design: Wade
conducted a pre-design investigation and analysis for a stream crossing repair
project including review of as-builts, maintenance data, site investigation,
economic analysis and alternative options.
Additional projects in progress by Wade: Tomahawk Creek Linking Interceptor Condition Assessment, I/I Detention Study, and Indian Creek Basin Flow Monitoring Program.
PROJECT:
Sanitary Sewer I/I Reduction Study
and Rehabilitation Program
LOCATION:
Park City, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 2003-2004
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Park City, Kansas
has recently experienced numerous wet-weather overflows. In order to
reduce inflow/infiltration (I/I) and eliminate wet-weather SSOs in their system,
the City is conducting a flow monitoring program and Sanitary Sewer I/I
Reduction Study. The project will also reduce the City's overall costs in
operating the City's wastewater collection system, wastewater treatment plant
and lift stations.
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates (as a
subconsultant) is conducting a flow monitoring program to identify and quantify
I/I in the City's wastewater collection system. Five sites were assessed
and monitored with electronic area velocity meters for a 90-day period.
Rainfall was also measured during the monitoring period. Wade completed
flow data analysis to establish Q vs i relationships and to characterize I/I for
a hydraulic model of the system and outline cost-effective elimination of I/I
sources. Wade is also providing QA/QC and
training for City employees in
performing manhole inspections and public and private-sector building
inspections.
Wade is also conducted smoke testing, dyed-water confirmation, and CCTV inspections of areas demonstrating increased I/I.
PROJECT:
Flow Monitoring Program
LOCATION:
Kansas City, KS - Fairfax District
SCHEDULE: 2003
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates implemented a flow monitoring program as
part of a hydraulic analysis for the combined sewer collection system for the
Fairfax District of Kansas City. The program included installation of 10
temporary flow monitors and 2 rainfall gauges and reporting monthly flow
patterns to the City’s consultant.
PROJECT:
Country Club Lift Station Relocation and
Sewer Design
LOCATION:
Paola, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 2002-2003
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Paola operates and maintains a substantial
sanitary sewer system. The Country Club area services residential and
recreational areas. This project includes Country Club Lift Station relocation,
force main design and gravity sewer design. The City is addressing
capacity improvements to areas impacted by expected future
growth and rainfall
induced inflow and infiltration (I/I).
PROJECT SCOPE:
The City of Paola has retained Wade & Associates
to provide design and construction management services for
the Country Club Lift Station Relocation and Sewer Design. Preliminary
Design services include topographic and alignment survey of approximately 6,200
lf of pipeline, subsurface investigation and design recommendations. Final
Design Services include plan, specifications and contract documents for lift
station relocation, force main and gravity pipelines in the Country Club Lift
Station area. Wade will also provide complete bid-phase and construction
administration services for the project.
PROJECT:
Sanitary Sewer Flow Monitoring Project
LOCATION: Gardner, KS
SCHEDULE: 2002
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates completed a Flow Monitoring and Flow Data
Analysis project for the City of Gardner, Kansas to establish existing diurnal
flow patterns. Wade provided
preliminary site selection analysis, meter installation and data collection for
a 14-day monitoring period. Analysis of flow data was conducted and
submitted to the City.
PROJECT:
WWTP Flow Testing
LOCATION: Emporia, KS
SCHEDULE: 2002
PROJECT SCOPE:
Provided engineering services for performance testing on gas
mixing tubes to verify the relationship between air flow introduced into the
eductor pipes and water flow rate through pipes in digesters used at
the WWTP. Wade & Associates fabricated meter support devices to be
used with Marsh-McBirney Model 2000 Point Velocity Meters for the tests.
Wade also installed the meter, conducted field inspections and testing, analyzed
resulting and pre-existing data and submitted findings.
PROJECT:
Comprehensive I/I Study,
Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Survey
and Rehabilitation Program
LOCATION:
Leavenworth, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 2001-Present
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Leavenworth maintains and operates
approximately 133 miles of sanitary sewer with one treatment facility. The City recently
completed a comprehensive wastewater master plan. The report determined that I/I
(inflow/infiltration) was excessive and recommended implementation of a field inspection program to
identify and quantify I/I in the sanitary collection system. The City decided to
conduct a smaller scale, Phase I Pilot Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Survey (SSES),
of 20,000 lf of
the Subsystem. Wade & Associates was selected to assist in this Pilot Study. The Pilot study
was used to evaluate the effectiveness of
conducting an overall SSES and rehabilitation program. Based on the results
of the Pilot Study, the city determined that a Phase II - Wastewater Collection
System SSES & Inflow and Infiltration Study would be necessary and effective to
identify and eliminate 'Inflow/Infiltration' (I/I) sources and control
wet-weather induced flows/SSO's in the City's wastewater collection system.
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade assisted the City in conducting
the Pilot SSES investigation.
Wade technicians trained and teamed with City staff to perform smoke
testing, manhole inspections and visual pipe inspections. Wade also provided
flow data analysis,
I/I quantitative analysis,
cost effectiveness analysis, hydraulic modeling and
recommendations for implementation of a long-term SSES Program.
The City of Leavenworth and Wade are currently conducting the Phase II SSES. Field investigations include flow and rainfall monitoring, manhole inspections of approximately 1,200 manholes and corresponding incoming and outgoing visual pipe inspections, smoke testing of approximately 235,500 lf of sanitary pipeline, building inspection QA/QC, dyed-water confirmation testing, and cleaning/CCTV inspections. Wade is preparing hydraulic models for dry- and wet-weather scenarios, hydraulic gradient analysis, and cost effectiveness analysis for I/I elimination curves.
PROJECT: Multi-year SSES and Rehabilitation Program
LOCATION: Topeka, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1994 - Present
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
An aging portion of the sanitary sewer collection system in East Topeka, Kansas, was
experiencing chronic backups and overflows as well as problems with unscheduled
maintenance. City officials sought out a consultant who could examine the 112,000 linear
feet of pipe and associated manholes in the study area and suggest a comprehensive plan
for reducing wet-weather flows in the collection system. Most of the area's sewers had
been constructed prior to 1930 and were mostly of vitrified clay pipe and brick manhole
structures. The system's original clay pipes were jointed with poured hot jute and had
significantly deteriorated. Interceptors within the study area were larger than other
basins of similar size indicating that the system was originally designed for combined
sewer system flows. No prior monitoring had been conducted in the study area.
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates was selected by the City to begin a comprehensive I/I reduction
program in 1994. The program goals were to significantly reduce (1) wet-weather
flows, (2) sanitary sewer overflows (SSO), (3) uncontrolled backups and bypasses, and (4)
basement flooding. This has developed into a multi-year SSES and Rehabilitation
Program for the City of Topeka. To date, SSES and follow-up relief design and
rehabilitation has been completed in the East Topeka, Huntoon, Deer Creek, West Branch,
and Highland Park basins. Wade & Associates has provided training and QA/QC for
the City and other locally involved consulting firms to conduct portions of the SSES.
I/I reduction rates ranging as high as 60% have been substantiated through
post-rehabilitation monitoring. In addition, there has been a sharp reduction in
reported basement backups and overflows within those basins that have been rehabilitated.
In 2000, Wade assumed program management responsibilities to undertake an 8-year
I/I program to reduce SSOs. Wade has also provided complete flow monitoring services
for the City's largest CSO evaluation and management program. This flow monitoring
plan represents the largest CSO program accomplished, to date, in EPA Region 7, and is
expected to be completed in 2000.
PROJECT: Sanitary Sewer
Evaluation Study
LOCATION: Montgomery County, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1998 - 2001
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
Montgomery County provides wastewater services to approximately 245 residential
customers and 16 commercial customers. The collection system represents approximately
51,200 feet of sanitary sewer. Under a previous flow monitoring report for the City of
Independence, Wade & Associates metered flows within the County’s collections
system in 1997-1998. The results of this report indicated measurable inflow and
infiltration (I/I) being contributed to the City’s wastewater pumping and treatment
system from the County. The same report identified similar findings within the City’s
system. This confirmed that a follow-up sanitary sewer evaluation survey (SSES) was
required to locate and evaluate the various sources of I/I within the County’s
collection system. This would subsequently lead to a phased sewer renewal plan.
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates was retained by the County to conduct a detailed inspection and
investigation of the sanitary sewer system based on the recommendations following the
City’s flow monitoring program. The first element in the SSES was an internal
inspection of all accessible manhole structures. A total of 180 manholes were internally
inspected and 298 sources of inflow and infiltration were observed, leaks and defects were
identified. Visual pipe inspections were completed on 391 incoming pipelines and 57 pipe
defects were identified. The crews with Wade & Associates also conducted smoke testing
on 51,000 feet of sanitary sewer with the majority of I/I defects found were related to
leaking manholes, uncapped cleanouts, or defective service laterals. All inspections were
further evaluated and closer CCTV inspections of 4,300 linear feet of selected pipe was
cleaned and internally televised by Wade’s subcontractor, Ace Pipe Cleaning. Wade
& Associates submitted a cost-effective analysis report to reduce I/I and a projected
costs estimate to remove excessive I/I and structural deficiencies in the collection
system.
PROJECT: 5-Year I/I Study-SSES and Rehabilitation Design
LOCATION: Independence, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1997 - 2001
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Independence, Kansas operates and maintains approximately 400,000 feet of
sanitary sewer including two major pumping stations and a wastewater treatment facility.
The system is separated into 13 basins including a portion of the system under the
jurisdiction of Montgomery County. The oldest parts of the system were constructed
during the late 1800's and have periodically been expanded to accommodate growth.
Chronic overflows and bypasses during periods of intense or extended rainfall have plagued
the system in recent history. Structural deterioration of pipes and manholes and
frequent maintenance were also growing problems. The City determined that existing
facilities were inadequate to accommodate peak wet-weather induced wastewater flows.
The City also believed that expansion of its system could be minimized by reducing these
peak flows through collection system rehabilitation and renewal. The City retained
Wade & Associates in August 1997 to conduct a comprehensive flow monitoring program of
the entire sanitary sewer system. This study concluded that Inflow/Infiltration
(I/I) was excessive in all basins.
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates has assisted the City in developing a 5-year SSES and
rehabilitation program to reduce I/I in the system. To date, work completed includes
flow monitoring of the entire system and a Phase I-SSES in the Priority 1 basins (Basins
10 & 11). Field investigations in Basins 10 and 11 included 177 manhole and 426
visual pipe inspections, smoke testing of 45,419 ft of sanitary sewer, 628 building
inspections, 29 dyed-water testing sites, and CCTV inspection of 9,072 lf. A
hydraulic model of the collection system was developed using Pipedream©. The model
was used to size strategic relief sewers, pumping station improvements, and upgrades to
the wastewater treatment facilities. The Phase II SSES is now underway to evaluate
Basins 2 and 3. Field investigations include manhole inspections, smoke testing,
cleaning and CCTV inspections, dyed-water testing, and building inspections. A
hydraulic model and analysis will be developed.
Wade is presently providing rehabilitation design and construction administration services of pipeline and manhole improvements recommended to the City based on findings from the 5-year SSES of the system. Work includes surveying, preparation of construction plans and specifications, construction documents, rehabilitation schedule, bidding assistance, and construction observation. Wade will also develop and provide training to the City to implement a private I/I abatement program to aid in rehabilitation of the system.
PROJECT: Wastewater Collection System Study,
Hydraulic Model and
Master Plan
LOCATION: Garden City, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 2000 - 2001
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Garden City collection system consists of nearly 100 miles of sanitary
sewer ranging from 8" to 30" diameter pipe including 11 lift stations with
various sized force mains. The City sought to develop a computer model on which the
impact of continued growth could be analyzed and utilized in master planning. The
City was also seeking assistance in evaluating hydraulic modeling software.
PROJECT SCOPE:
The City chose Wade & Associates to implement a wastewater collection system study.
The initial phase of the study includes flow monitoring, rainfall monitoring, and
flow data analysis. Thirty sites were chosen and monitored in two phases for
14-days each. Event recorders were installed at 10 pump stations for a 14-day
monitoring period. Manhole inspections were conducted and a hydraulic network
developed. Wade will develop a hydraulic model of the system and conduct hydraulic
gradient analysis using Pipedream©. Scenario models for future growth and
improvement alternatives will be developed including cost-effectiveness analysis.
Finally, City staff will be trained in the use of Pipedream©.
PROJECT: KR-2B Sanitary Sewer Extension
Design &
Construction Observation
LOCATION: Lawrence, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1998 - Present
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Lawrence sanitary sewer system contains approximately 260 miles of sanitary
sewer pipe (ranging in size from 6" to 48"), 36 lift stations and force mains,
and a 1.25 million gallon flow equalization basin in the southwest portion of the city.
Design of a sewer extension was suggested in the City's 1997 Master Plan Update in
order to serve the rapidly developing northwest corridor of the city.
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates was selected by the City of Lawrence to design a major
interceptor sewer system representing approximately $800,000 in construction costs.
The project also eliminated two pumping stations and expanded service for future growth
and development. The project included design, preparation of plans, specifications,
and bidding documents; bidding assistance; and construction inspection and administration
assistance.
PROJECT: Upper Mill Creek Basin I/I Study
LOCATION: Kansas
City, Kansas
(Unified Government of Wyandotte County/Kansas City, KS)
SCHEDULE: 1995 -
2001
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The Unified Government of Kansas City, KS operates and maintains approximately 783
miles of wastewater collection system tributary to five (5) wastewater treatment
facilities. The City has historically experienced problems with overflows and
backups during periods of intense or prolonged storm events. The Upper Mill Creek
Basin Study Area is comprised of 5 sub-basins with approximately 119,000 lf of sanitary
sewer pipe ranging in size from 8" to 24".
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates is conducting a multi-phase Inflow/Infiltration (I/I) Study and
Rehabilitation Program. The first phase of this project began with a flow monitoring
program to evaluate and quantify I/I in each of the 5 sub-basins. Smoke testing was
completed in 2 sub-basins during this initial phase.
A calibrated hydraulic model was developed for sizing and design of a strategic relief sewer to eliminate SSOs within the basin. The City utilized Wade’s rehabilitation recommendations to improve deficiencies in selected manholes and pipelines, along with private-sector I/I disconnections. The City also completed manhole and visual pipe inspections.
During the current phase of the I/I Study, Wade will conduct smoke testing of the remaining sub-basins and provide recommendations for additional isolated cleaning and CCTV inspection. Data analysis of all phases of investigations will be completed with recommendations for rehabilitation.
Finally, a post-rehabilitation flow monitoring program will be conducted to identify measured capacity performance and identify any subsequent wet-weather overflows or bypasses.
PROJECT:
CSO Flow Monitoring
LOCATION: Kansas City, Kansas
(Unified Government of
Wyandotte County/Kansas City, KS)
SCHEDULE: 2000
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates was selected (as a subconsultant) to conduct a CSO flow
monitoring program at 23 locations throughout the City's 320 miles of combined sewers.
Monitoring sites ranged from 24" to 108" conduits. Rainfall
monitoring was also included at 5 locations within the study area. Flow monitoring
data was compiled and submitted for further hydraulic modeling and evaluation.
PROJECT: Flow
Monitoring Program
LOCATION: Spring
Hill, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1998 - 1999
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Spring Hill operates and maintains and extensive system of wastewater
collection facilities. The system is comprised of two separate drainage system, the North
system and the South system. The South system is relatively new construction and is the
main contribution of flow to the City’s wastewater treatment plant located in the
southern portion of the City. The North system contains the older portions of the City
with construction dating to the late fifties and early sixties. Wastewater flow produced
by the North system is transported via three interceptor sewers to the City’s lagoon
system. An overflow structure exists at the lagoon allowing flow to be bypassed to the
City’s existing wastewater treatment plant. During periods of intense rainfall or
periods of extended moderate rainfall, the City experienced excessive flow at the
wastewater lagoon resulting in the operation of the lagoon at peak capacity for several
days following such events.
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates was retained by the City to conduct a
45-day flow monitoring program to evaluate the hydraulic behavior of the
collection system under various rainfall events and conditions
in
the North system. During the initial phase of the study, Wade
completed site investigations, flow meter and rain gauge calibration and
installations. During the second phase of the
study, data collected during flow monitoring was evaluated. I/I rates for each sub-basin were
quantified and a correlation was established between peak flow response and rainfall
using Q vs. i analysis. The
final phase of this study provided recommendations to:
1) address hydraulic capacity improvements, and, 2) further evaluate
the City’s collection system to identify
and reduce excessive I/I contributions.
PROJECT:
Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Survey
LOCATION: Augusta, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1997 - 1999
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Augusta had experienced infiltration and inflow (I/I) into their municipal
wastewater collection system. The City had attempted to correct causes associated with
I/I, the integrity of the collection system continued to be comprised. The City
constructed several large interceptor sewers and pump stations in the early 80'’s,
and they also repaired some of the deteriorated pipe joints. However, sewage bypasses
continued to occur during periods of high rainfall. Additional flow from I/I put undue
hydraulic stress on the sewage treatment facility. Reducing I/I will help reduce operating
costs and will extend the life of the sewage treatment facility.
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates was selected as sub-consulting engineers for Wilson &
Company, Engineers & Architects to study the entire wastewater collection system. Thus
the study conducted was to quantify the amounts of inflow and infiltration (I/I) that
entered into the wastewater collection system. A total of 561 manhole inspections were
conducted by City forces with training by Wade & Associates, Inc., staff. A total of
1,129 sources of inflow and infiltration were identified from this inspection. Wade &
Associates also conducted limited quality control checks (QC). Inspection of 1,242 visual
pipe resulted in a total of 775 pipe defects ranging from cracked pipe and offset joints,
to maintenance items such as deposition and root intrusion were identified. As part of the
study 253,979 feet of sanitary sewers were smoke tested and 184 defects in the public
sector and 352 defects in the private sector were located. Smoke testing crews were manned
by the City, Wilson & Company, and Wade & Associates staff. The major goals of
this project were to (1) locate and analyze defects in the system that contributed to
system I/I, (2) to develop a cost-effective plan for manhole rehabilitation and I/I
reduction. The end results of this study established a multi-year program that would
reduce peak I/I flows, reduce peak I/I rates in the private sector and finally to expand
the capacity of the existing collection system.
PROJECT:
Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Survey
LOCATION: North Newton, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1997
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade performed a comprehensive SSES of approximately 31,200 lf of pipeline,
which included manhole inspections, visual pipe inspections, and smoke testing.
A follow up report included computer modeling, I/I analysis and prioritization,
and recommendations for a sewer improvement program.
PROJECT: Manhole Inspection
Program
LOCATION: Erie, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1996
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Erie's sewer system is made up of a total length of 48,000 feet of pipe and
153 manholes. The City has two lift stations and two force mains. The City's main
interceptor (main lift station to lagoons) were replaced around 1988 with a 15" main
going to it. The lagoons are approximately 47 acres and are made up of three cells. The
lagoons were experiencing bad erosion problems. After a hard rain of 2" or more, the
City experienced basements with sewage backing up and manholes discharging.
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates sub-consulted with Shafer, Kline & Warren to inspect 153
manholes for the City in order to locate and remove I/I from the collection system. Data
management, analysis, and report assistance was provided to the consultant.
PROJECT:
SSES Assistance
LOCATION: Humboldt, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1996
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Humboldt owns and maintains 92,000 feet of gravity flow, sanitary sewers. A
separate system exists for collection of storm water runoff. Also owned and operated by
the City is a wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) responsible for treatment of the
wastewater transported by the collection system. Discharge from the WWTF is regulated by
permits issued by Kansas Department of Health & Environment (KDHE) under the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination Systems. The City has a history of excessive wet weather
flows and permit violations in the form of WWTF overflows and untreated discharges (e.g.)
basement backups, manhole overflows and pump station bypasses. The purpose of the study
was to develop a comprehensive inventory of the sanitary sewer system, assess its
condition and determine necessary rehabilitation for reducing wet weather bypasses and
overflows in the collection system.
PROJECT SCOPE:
In this project, Wade & Associates assisted Shafer, Kline & Warren with
field-related services for an SSES. Services included the inspection of 131 manholes,
visual pipe inspections and smoke testing of approximately 96,000 linear feet of sanitary
sewers. Based on the findings, CCTV and dye water testing was conducted for certain areas.
PROJECT: Sanitary Sewer
Evaluation Study
LOCATION: Osawatomie, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1996
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Osawatomie owns and maintains 83,000 feet of gravity flow, sanitary sewers.
A separate system exists for collection of storm water runoff. Also owned and operated by
the City is a wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) responsible for treatment of the
wastewater transported by the collection system. Discharge from the WWTF is regulated by
permits issued by Kansas Department of Health & Environment (KDHE) under the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination Systems. The City has a history of excessive wet weather
flows and permit violations in the form of WWTF overflows and untreated discharges (e.g.)
basement backups, manhole overflows and pump station bypasses. The purpose of the study
was to develop a comprehensive inventory of the sanitary sewer system, assess its
condition and determine necessary rehabilitation for reducing wet weather bypasses and
overflows in the collection system.
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade & Associates assisted in the SSES program of the City's sanitary sewer system.
Visual inspections of 280 manholes were conducted and defects were identified. Visual
inspections of all sewer mains entering manholes in the study area were also conducted
identifying pipe defects. Smoke testing of approximately 82,995 lineal feet of sewer main
was conducted and findings documented. Analysis of the visual pipe and smoke testing data
was used to determine and prioritize the need for CCTV. CCTV inspection was performed on a
total of 19,798 lf of sewer main and the data identified pipe defects requiring repairs.
PROJECT:
Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Survey
LOCATION: Newton, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1995
PROJECT SCOPE:
Wade conducted a comprehensive SSES of 507,000 feet of sanitary sewer within the
City’s wastewater collection system to locate sources of excessive I/I and
identify a multi-year cost-effective program of rehabilitation and renewal.
Services by Wade included manhole inspections, visual pipe (lamping)
inspections, smoke testing, dyed-water testing, building inspection training and
supervision of high-pressure cleaning and CCTV television inspections.
PROJECT:
Private I/I Reduction Program
LOCATION: Fort Scott, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1994
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
To meet all conditions of its NPDES permit relative to control and abatement of
inflow/infiltration (I/I) in the sewer system, the City of Fort Scott contracted with Wade
& Associates, Inc. to conduct a private I/I reduction program. The collection system
had been experiencing excessive wet-weather induced wastewater flows. Approximately 3,500
to 4,000 building properties had service laterals connected to the collection system, and
the majority of homes in the system had basements. Though an I/I study had been conducted
in 1980, the study did not include an examination of 100% of the system and consisted
mostly of flow monitoring and smoke testing. The City had maintained excellent records of
the collection system on sewer atlas maps. They also had full-time crews conducting
manhole inspections of the system.
PROJECT SCOPE:
Initially, Wade & Associates coordinated a project kick-off meeting between City
staff and sub-consultants and contractors to establish proper lines of communication. Wade
& Associates staff then reviewed all prior reports and the prior I/I and SSES programs
and interviewed staff familiar with the collection system. Based on this information, they
prioritized each of the 10 basins in the City's collection system for I/I removal. They
prepared a report describing the proposed private I/I abatement program and submitted it
to the Kansas Department of Health &Environment for review. Other project tasks
included preparation of a comprehensive private I/I abatement manual; preparation of a
public media plan for communication with the community; training of local crews for the
field testing and inspection program; and providing weekly project management of crews and
weekly quality control tests of field inspection reports. Finally, Wade & Associates
engineers prepared a final report summarizing the inspection program and describing a
recommended plan for abating private I/I sources that are cost-effective to eliminate.
PROJECT: Combined Sewer Overflow Study:
South Jersey Creek
Watershed
LOCATION: Kansas City, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1991 - 1992
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Kansas City, Kansas, operates and maintains approximately 780 miles of
separate and combined sanitary sewer. Of these approximately 40% are "combined"
systems. During wet-weather periods, flow that exceeds the system and treatment capacity
is discharged directly to the Kansas and Missouri Rivers. Of the 11 watersheds which have
combined sewers, the Jersey Creek Basin is the largest and most chronic in terms of the
number of overflows per year. It includes some of the City's oldest sewers. In 1991, the
City retained Wade &Associates, Inc. and Ponzer Youngquist, P.A. to conduct a
comprehensive study of the basin. The study characterized the hydraulic performance of the
system and characterized the pollutant loading to Jersey Creek, a tributary stream that
discharges to the Missouri River. Ultimately, the City will use this study as a prototype
for evaluating the remaining CSOs.
PROJECT SCOPE:
The first phase of the study involved installation of six (6) continuous recording flow
monitors and four (4) time-proportional discrete wastewater samplers. These were installed
during an 8-week period in late Spring of 1991 and another 8-week period in Spring of
1992. During this time, dry-weather and wet-weather flows were captured. Also, samples
were taken before, during and after each rainfall event that resulted in overflow. The
sampling program included BOD, COD, TSS, pH, phosphorus, TNK, N, fecal coliform, cyanide,
and heavy metals. The second phase included development of a computer-based hydraulic
model to evaluate existing hydraulic performance and predict overflow events, including
volume, rate and pollutant loading to the receiving stream. Final report results were
evaluated by the Kansas Department of Health &Environment as they pertained to state
and federal CSO policies.
PROJECT:
Private I/I Abatement Program
LOCATION: Pittsburg, Kansas
SCHEDULE: 1989 - 1992
PROJECT BACKGROUND:
The City of Pittsburg was experiencing increasing problems with their 600,000 feet of
separated sanitary sewer. Primarily, the City experienced wastewater backups into
basements and other low-lying areas during periods of moderate-to-intense rainfall due to
excessive inflow and infiltration. In 1987, the City initiated an aggressive $4.0 million
sewer rehabilitation program to eliminate I/I in the system. One phase of that program was
designed to abate excessive I/I from private property that was contributing to the
City-owned collection system. The first of any city in Kansas to implement such a program,
Pittsburg retained Wade & Associates to develop the program and assist personnel from
the Public Works Department in fully implementing the project.
PROJECT SCOPE:
The project included four phases: (1) I/I identification, (2) development of
enforcement policy, (3) implementation, and (4) program maintenance. A total of 1,380 I/I
defects were located and characterized in the first phase. Of this total, 762 sources were
specifically targeted for removal based on a complete sewer system study and
cost-effectiveness analysis. Typical sources removed included 64 downspouts, 198 uncapped
service cleanouts, 124 area/yard drains, and 370 sumps with and without pumps. The program
resulted in a net reduction of approximately 2.8 mgd of flow at the treatment facility. As
part of the program, Ordinance No. G-628 was prepared by Wade &Associates and adopted
by the City. This ordinance embodied the City's regulations regarding illegal I/I
connections and outlined specific enforcement action in the case of non-compliance. Of the
762 sources removed, only one property owner challenged the ordinance in municipal court,
and this person was unsuccessful in doing so. In addition, the number of reported backups
dropped from a high of 129 in 1987 to 2 in 1992.
