Inflow & Infiltration

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(In these photos, stormwater is pouring into the sewer system from a manhole, at left, and from a defect inside a pipe, at right.)
Inflow/Infiltration (I/I) such as depicted here can result in an overburdening of the sanitary sewer system, which may result in SSO's--Sanitary Sewer Overflows.  SSO's are violations of several federal regulations, including Section 301 of the Clean Water Act and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit requirements.  And as you can imagine, SSO's are nothing new!  Frequently, as illustrated by the manhole photo at the top, entire segments of sewer network have been around for decades--some even date from the turn of the century or earlier!

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